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Compare Mozambique (2004) - Trinidad and Tobago (2001)

Compare Mozambique (2004) z Trinidad and Tobago (2001)

 Mozambique (2004)Trinidad and Tobago (2001)
 MozambiqueTrinidad and Tobago
Administrative divisions 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia 8 counties, 3 municipalities*, and 1 ward**; Arima*, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando*, Tobago**, Victoria
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.6% (male 4,126,178; female 4,074,759)


15-64 years: 53.6% (male 4,944,416; female 5,145,167)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 215,418; female 305,793) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
24.1% (male 143,730; female 138,160)

15-64 years:
69.2% (male 415,898; female 393,551)

65 years and over:
6.7% (male 34,785; female 43,558) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry
Airports 158 (2003 est.) 6 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 22


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
total:
3

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 136


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 34


under 914 m: 87 (2004 est.)
total:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 801,590 sq km


land: 784,090 sq km


water: 17,500 sq km
total:
5,128 sq km

land:
5,128 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of California slightly smaller than Delaware
Background Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO steped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.
Birth rate 36.06 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 13.73 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.089 billion


expenditures: $1.269 billion, including capital expenditures of $479.4 million (2003 est.)
revenues:
$1.54 billion

expenditures:
$1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (1998)
Capital Maputo Port-of-Spain
Climate tropical to subtropical tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Coastline 2,470 km 362 km
Constitution 30 November 1990 1 August 1976
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique


conventional short form: Mozambique


local long form: Republica de Mocambique


local short form: Mocambique


former: Portuguese East Africa
conventional long form:
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

conventional short form:
Trinidad and Tobago
Currency metical (MZM) Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Death rate 23.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 8.82 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $966 million (2002 est.) $2.8 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Sharon P. WILKINSON


embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo


mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo


telephone: [258] (1) 492797


FAX: [258] (1) 490448
chief of mission:
Ambassador Edward E. SHUMAKER, III (until April, 2001)

embassy:
15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain

mailing address:
P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain

telephone:
[1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376, 6176

FAX:
[1] (868) 628-5462
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Armando PANGUENE


chancery: 1990 M Street NW, Suite 570, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146


FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 467-6490

FAX:
[1] (202) 785-3130

consulate(s) general:
Miami and New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $632.8 million (2001) $121.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Inflation was reduced to single digits during the late 1990s although it returned to double digits in 2000-03. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remains dependent upon foreign assistance for much of its annual budget, and the majority of the population remains below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. A substantial trade imbalance persists although the opening of the MOZAL aluminum smelter, the country's largest foreign investment project to date has increased export earnings. Additional investment projects in titanium extraction and processing and garment manufacturing should further close the import/export gap. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. Successful economic reforms were implemented in 1995, and foreign investment and trade are flourishing. Persistently high unemployment remains one of the chief challenges of the government. The petrochemical sector has spurred growth in other related sectors, reinforcing the government's commitment to economic diversification. Tourism is growing, especially in the pleasure boat sector. New investment and construction also will continue to drive the economy.
Electricity - consumption 1.39 billion kWh (2001) 4.557 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 5.8 billion kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 500 million kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 7.193 billion kWh (2001) 4.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
99.59%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.41% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
Environment - current issues a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08% black 39.5%, East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2%
Exchange rates meticais per US dollar - 23,782.3 (2003), 23,678 (2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999)


note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public
Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2688 (January 2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999), 6.2983 (1998), 6.2517 (1997), 6.0051 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Armando GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005)


head of government: Prime Minister Luisa DIOGO (since 17 February 2004)


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Armando GUEBUZA elected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 63.7%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 31.7%
chief of state:
President Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON (since 19 March 1997)

head of government:
Prime Minister Basdeo PANDAY (since 9 November 1995)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 11 December 2000 (next to be held by NA 2005); prime minister appointed from among the members of Parliament; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives is usually appointed prime minister

election results:
Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 69%
Exports NA (2001) $3.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Exports - partners Belgium 26%, South Africa 14.4%, Italy 9.6%, Spain 9.5%, Germany 8.3%, Zimbabwe 4.7% (2003) US 39.3%, Caricom countries 26.1%, Latin America 9.5%, EU 5.7% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 October - 30 September
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $21.23 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $11.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 20.1%


industry: 27.3%


services: 52.7% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
2%

industry:
44%

services:
54% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $9,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 7% (2003 est.) 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 18 15 S, 35 00 E 11 00 N, 61 00 W
Geography - note the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country -
Highways total: 30,400 km


paved: 5,685 km


unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)
total:
8,320 km

paved:
4,252 km

unpaved:
4,068 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.5%


highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish, South Asian heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Imports NA (2001) $3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals
Imports - partners South Africa 26.3%, Australia 9.2%, US 3.9% (2003) US 39.8%, Venezuela 11.9%, EU 11%, Caricom 4.8% (1999)
Independence 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) 31 August 1962 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 3.4% (2000) 3.8% (2000)
Industries food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles
Infant mortality rate total: 137.08 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 142.67 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 131.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
24.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 14% (2003 est.) 3.2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 17 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,070 sq km (1998 est.) 220 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts


note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; The Majistracy (hears minor civil cases and summary criminal cases)
Labor force 9.2 million (2000 est.) 558,700 (1998)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.) construction and utilities 12.4%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 9.5%, services 64.1% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total: 4,571 km


border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 5.1%


permanent crops: 0.3%


other: 94.6% (2001)
arable land:
15%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
2%

forests and woodland:
46%

other:
28% (1993 est.)
Languages Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, numerous other indigenous languages, Portuguese (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language) English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 1-2 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 62%, Renamo 29.7%; seats by party - Frelimo 160, Renamo 90
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; members appointed by the president for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 11 December 2000 (next to be held by December 2005)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote - UNC 58.1%, PNM 40.8%, NAR 1.1%; seats by party - UNC 19, PNM 16, NAR 1

note:
Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly, with 15 members serving four-year terms
Life expectancy at birth total population: 37.1 years


male: 37.83 years


female: 36.34 years (2004 est.)
total population:
68.27 years

male:
65.74 years

female:
70.92 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 47.8%


male: 63.5%


female: 32.7% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97.9%

male:
98.8%

female:
97% (1995 est.)
Location South-eastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Map references Africa Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,125 GRT/7,024 DWT


by type: cargo 3


foreign-owned: Belgium 2 (2004 est.)
total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,439 GRT/4,040 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Special Forces Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
Military expenditures - dollar figure $101.3 million (2003) $83 million (FY94)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.2% (2003) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 4,335,294 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
346,043 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 2,485,197 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
247,297 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 25 June (1975) Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Nationality noun: Mozambican(s)


adjective: Mozambican
noun:
Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)

adjective:
Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Natural hazards severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Natural resources coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -9.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 649 km; refined products 292 km (2004) crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km
Political parties and leaders Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president] National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Hochay CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]
Political pressure groups and leaders Institute for Peace and Democracy (Instituto para Paz e Democracia) or IPADE [Raul DOMINGOS, president]; Etica [Abdul CARIMO Issa, chairman]; Movement for Peace and Citizenship (Movimento para Paz e Cidadania); Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]; Human Rights and Development (Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento) or DHD [Artemisia FRANCO, secretary general] Jamaat Al Musilmeen [Abu BAKR]
Population 18,811,731


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2004 est.)
1,169,682 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2001 est.) 21% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate 1.22% (2004 est.) -0.51% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba, Quelimane Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora
Radio broadcast stations AM 13, FM 17, shortwave 11 (2001) AM 2, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 680,000 (1997)
Railways total: 3,123 km


narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2003)
minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; railway service was discontinued in 1968
Religions indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20% Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: fair system but not available generally (telephone density is only 16 telephones for each 1,000 persons)


domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter


international: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
general assessment:
excellent international service; good local service

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana
Telephones - main lines in use 83,700 (2002) 243,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 428,900 (2003) 17,411 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2001) 4 (1997)
Terrain mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Total fertility rate 4.78 children born/woman (2004 est.) 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 21% (1997 est.) 12.8% (2000)
Waterways 460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2004) none
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